The autoclave is enabling in situ characterisation of hydrothermal fluids at high pressures and high temperatures. It was specifically designed to enable x-ray absorption spectroscopy in fluids with applications to mineral solubility and element speciation analysis in hydrothermal fluids in complex compositions. However, other applications, such as Raman spectroscopy, in high-pressure fluids are also possible with the autoclave. First experiments were run at pressures between 100 and 600 bars and at temperatures between 25 °C and 550 °C. The results proved that the autoclave is well suited to study the behavior of ore-forming metals at P–T conditions relevant to the Earth’s crust. the complete set-up is available for user experiments at P65 or other suited beamlines.
You can find further technical information and examples for applications here:
Klemme, S. ; Feldhaus, M. ; Potapkin, V. ; Louvel, M. ; Loges, A. ; Rohrbach, A. ; Weitkamp, P. ; Welter, E. ; Kokh, M. ; Testemale, D. ; Wilke, M. ; Borchert, M. ; Schmidt, C. A hydrothermal apparatus for x-ray absorption spectroscopy of hydrothermal fluids at DESY Rev.Sci. Instr. 92(6), 063903 (2021) [10.1063/5.0044767]
The project was funded by the BMBF Verbundfoschung:
05K16PMA Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Prof. Stephan Klemme
Title: Aufbau einer Hydrothermalzelle für die Untersuchung von Elementtransportprozessen in geologischen und chemischen Systemen mittels Röntgenfluoreszenzspektroskopie an der Strahllinie P64/65 an PETRA III